Citrine is the yellow to orange variety of quartz. In color, they greatly resemble yellow topaz, although yellow topaz is far more valuable.
Most citrine is heat treated, so that its color approaches the yellow-orange shade that is considered ideal for citrine. This treatment is nearly permanent, but long exposure to bright light or heat should be avoided. Natural citrine tends to be more yellow than orange.
The best orange color of citrine is called Madeira, after the wine.
Amethyst on occasion forms in the same piece of quartz as citrine, creating a gemstone that is purple on one end and yellow on the other. Such stones are called ametrine. They are not often used in jewelry, but are fascinating stones nonetheless.
Citrine has been carried as a protection from snake venom and evil thoughts. It is a substitute birthstone for November, with the traditional gemstone being yellow topaz and is given as a present for the 13th anniversary of a marriage.
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